I. The source of magnetism of magnets

1. Internal structure of atoms: The internal structure of atoms of magnets is rather special, which itself has a magnetic moment and is capable of generating a magnetic field. The electrons inside these elements can spontaneously arrange themselves in a small area to form a spontaneous magnetization zone, i.e., magnetic domains.

2. Magnetic domain arrangement: When these substances are magnetized, the domains inside them are neatly and consistently aligned in the same direction, thus forming a magnetic property. This arrangement makes the magnet stronger at both ends, forming a magnetic pole.

II. The working principle of the magnet

1. Attract ferromagnetic substances: the magnetic field of the magnet can attract iron, cobalt, nickel and other substances, and make the internal molecules of these substances are neatly arranged in the same direction, resulting in magnetism. This magnetization process makes the suction force between iron and other substances and the different polarity of the magnet, so as to be attracted by the magnet.

2. Magnetic Pole Interaction: A magnet has two magnetic poles, the N and S poles. Homonymous magnetic poles (i.e., N pole and N pole, S pole and S pole) repel each other, heteronymous magnetic poles (i.e., N pole and S pole) attract each other.

III. The types and composition of magnets

1. Kinds: Magnets may appear in different forms, such as Ferrite, NdFeB, SmCo, AlNiCo, etc.

2. Composition: Magnets are composed mainly of atoms of iron, cobalt and nickel. The special internal structure of the atoms of these elements makes them inherently have magnetic moments and are capable of generating magnetic fields. In addition, magnets may also contain strong magnetic substances such as ferroferric oxide (Fe₃O₄).

In summary, the principle of magnets is mainly based on the magnetic properties of substances, especially metallic elements such as iron, cobalt and nickel. During the magnetization of these elements, the magnetic domains within them are neatly aligned to form magnetic properties. The magnetic pole interaction of magnets is based on this principle.