The principle of electromagnet is mainly to use the magnetic effect of electric current to produce a magnetic field. These are detailed explanations of the principles of electromagnets below:

I. The basic structure of the electromagnet

Electromagnet is mainly composed of three parts: coil, core and armature. The coil is usually wound by insulated wire, and the core and armature are made of soft magnetic materials, such as soft iron. This material can be quickly demagnetized after power failure, and will not remain magnetic.

II. The working principle of electromagnet

1. Generate a magnetic field: when the current through the coil, due to the magnetic effect of the current, a magnetic field will be generated around the coil. The direction and size of this magnetic field is related to the direction and size of the current.

2. Magnetization of the iron core: When the magnetic field generated by the coil is applied to the iron core, the iron core is magnetized, which in turn forms a magnet. The magnetic field of this magnet is superimposed on the magnetic field generated by the coil, greatly enhancing the magnetism of the electromagnet.

3. Control of magnetic field: By changing the size of the current or the number of turns of the coil, the magnetic field strength of the electromagnet can be adjusted. In addition, by controlling the on-off current, you can control whether the magnetic field of the electromagnet is generated.

III. The electromagnet enhancement measures

In order to make the magnetism of the electromagnet stronger, the following measures are usually taken:

1. increase the number of turns of the coil: the more turns of the coil, the stronger the magnetic field produced.

2. the use of hoof-shaped iron core: hoof-shaped iron core can more effectively focus the magnetic field lines, thereby enhancing the magnetism of the electromagnet. However, it should be noted that the winding direction of the coil on the hoof-shaped iron core must be reversed to avoid mutual offsetting of the magnetic properties.

IV. The application of electromagnet

Electromagnets are widely used in the electrical field, such as electromagnetic switches, electric bells, motors, relays, contactor electromagnetic systems and lifting electromagnets. These applications are based on the principle that electromagnets can produce a controlled magnetic field to realize.